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  • Title: Proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD).
    Author: Levinson ED, Ozonoff MB, Royen PM.
    Journal: Radiology; 1977 Oct; 125(1):197-203. PubMed ID: 897169.
    Abstract:
    Proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD) is a spectrum of congenital osseous anomalies characterized by a deficiency in the structure of the proximal femur. Thirteen patients with PFFD were classified based on a system describing acetabular shape and femoral position. Radiological evaluation includes identification and description of the PFFD and evaluation of the associated limb anomalies, of which ipsilateral fibular hemimelia is the most common. Contrast arthrography is indicated to disclose the presence and location of the femoral head.
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