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  • Title: [The isolation of Borrelia from the tick Ixodes trianguliceps (Ixodidae) and the possible significance of this species in the epizootiology of ixodid tick-borne borrelioses].
    Author: Gorelova NB, Korenberg EI, Kovalevskiĭ IuV, Postic D, Baranton G.
    Journal: Parazitologiia; 1996; 30(1):13-8. PubMed ID: 8975209.
    Abstract:
    Ixodes trianguliceps is a common tick species of the Eurasian forest zone. These ticks live probably in natural foci of ixodid tick-borne borrelioses (ITBB) from Western Europe to Transbaikalia, but their role in circulation of corresponding pathogens remains unclear. This study was performed in a natural ITBB focus located in the Perm region of Russia (near the Urals), where Borrelia garinii and B. afzelii circulate and I. persulcatus serves as their main vector. In July-August of 1994, 296 small mammals (mostly Clethrionomys glareolus) were tested for tick infestation. From these mammals, 49 I. trianguliceps and 252 I. persulcatus ticks were collected (16.3 and 83.7%, respectively). I. trianguliceps ticks were found on 33 rodents of three species: Cl. glareolus, Cl. rutilus, and Microtus oeconomus. The abundance of I. trianguliceps (on average, less than 0.2 ticks per animal) was approximately five times lower than that of I. persulcatus. I. trianguliceps larvae, nymphs, and adults (22, 15, and 5 specimens, respectively) were analyzed for Borrelia infection by plating their internal organs on the BSK-2 medium. Spirochete isolates were obtained from four nymphs. Three infected nymphs were collected from different Cl. glareolus specimens, and one was found on Cl. rutilus. According to the results of RFLP analysis, all four isolates were classified as B. garinii. This experiment is the first successful attempt to isolate one of ITBB pathogens from I. trianguliceps ticks. These ticks do not attack people, and their role in ITBB foci should be analyzed only in terms of epizootiology. The results of previous zoological-parasitological and bacteriological studies performed in the Ural region suggest that I. trianguliceps and I. persulcatus populations are maintained there by the same species of small rodents and insectivores, which mostly belong to the genera. Clethrionomys and Sorex. Many of them were identified as the reservoir hosts of Borrelia. These data, in complex with the fact of B. garinii isolation from I. trianguliceps, suggest that I. trianguliceps ticks are involved in the maintenance of Borrelia circulation in natural ITBB foci. Taking into account the low abundance of these ticks in the Ural forests, they should be regarded as an important but not principal component of the epizootic process. It is suggested that such a conclusion about the significance of I. trianguliceps ticks also pertains to ITBB foci of other regions.
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