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  • Title: Distribution, levels, and activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in the Alzheimer disease brain.
    Author: Pei JJ, Tanaka T, Tung YC, Braak E, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I.
    Journal: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol; 1997 Jan; 56(1):70-8. PubMed ID: 8990130.
    Abstract:
    A number of studies have implicated a proline-directed protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in the hyperphosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Toward understanding the role of GSK-3 in the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau in AD we have found that GSK-3 is prominently present in neuronal cell bodies and their processes and co-localizes with neurofibrillary changes in AD brain. Furthermore, the levels of GSK-3 as determined by indirect ELISA are approximately 50% increased in the postsynaptosomal supernatant from AD brains as compared to the controls. However, no increase in GSK-3 enzyme activity was detected. In AD brain, with its reduced phosphatase activity, even normal levels of GSK-3 activity might be sufficient for the hyperphosphorylation of tau.
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