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  • Title: Akathisia in adults with mental retardation: development of the Akathisia Ratings of Movement Scale (ARMS).
    Author: Bodfish JW, Newell KM, Sprague RL, Harper VN, Lewis MH.
    Journal: Am J Ment Retard; 1997 Jan; 101(4):413-23. PubMed ID: 9017087.
    Abstract:
    We developed an akathisia rating scale for use with persons who have mental retardation and screened for the occurrence of akathisia in three samples: 66 adults receiving maintenance neuroleptic treatment, 20 adults not receiving neuroleptics, and 8 adults undergoing neuroleptic dose reduction. The scale had an acceptable level of interrater reliability and validly measured group differences related to neuroleptic treatment status. Using an empirically derived cut-off-score, we estimated the prevalence rate for akathisia to be 5% in neuroleptic-free subjects, 17% in neuroleptic-maintenance subjects, and 25% in neuroleptic-reduction subjects. Akathisia, dyskinesia, and stereotypy manifested as qualitatively different movement topograhies. The occurrence of dyskinesia stereotyped movement disorder was associated significantly with an increased occurrence of akathisia.
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