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  • Title: Analysis of the maternal components of the AIDS clinical trial group 076 zidovudine regimen in the prevention of mother-to-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
    Author: Frenkel LM, Cowles MK, Shapiro DE, Melvin AJ, Watts DH, McLellan C, Mohan K, Murante B, Burchett S, Bryson YJ, O'Sullivan MJ, Mitchell C, Landers D.
    Journal: J Infect Dis; 1997 Apr; 175(4):971-4. PubMed ID: 9086162.
    Abstract:
    To gain insight into the protective effects of the three components of the zidovudine regimen used in AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) 076 on mother-to-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1, 188 zidovudine-treated women and their untreated infants from five HIV-1 obstetric centers were retrospectively studied. The overall rate of mother-to-infant transmission was 12.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.9%-18.0%). When the 38 women with <200 CD4 cells/microL were excluded, the mother-to-infant transmission rate was 8.8% (95% CI, 4.6%-14.8%). This rate compares favorably with the 8.3% transmission in the zidovudine arm of the ACTG 076 study. Apart from low (<200/microL) maternal CD4 cells (P = .016), no factors, including the duration of zidovudine therapy during gestation and intravenous administration of zidovudine during labor, affected the rate of mother-to-infant transmission. These findings suggest that antenatal oral zidovudine may be as effective as antenatal oral plus intravenous zidovudine during labor and the three-component ACTG 076 regimen in decreasing mother-to-infant HIV-1 transmission.
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