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  • Title: Transarterial embolization of a direct carotid cavernous fistula with Guglielmi detachable coils.
    Author: Siniluoto T, Seppänen S, Kuurne T, Wikholm G, Leinonen S, Svendsen P.
    Journal: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol; 1997 Mar; 18(3):519-23. PubMed ID: 9090415.
    Abstract:
    Four patients underwent transarterial embolization of a carotid-cavernous fistula with Guglielmi detachable coils; in three cases as the initial form of treatment and in one case after treatment via transarterial balloon embolization failed. The fistulas were 2 to 3 mm in diameter on pretreatment angiograms. Complete obliteration was achieved in two patients; in the other two, minimal residual flow remained immediately after embolization but disappeared by follow-up angiography. One to four coils were used to occlude the fistulas. The internal carotid artery remained patent in all patients, and there were no complications.
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