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  • Title: Bronchodilators: new drugs and controversies.
    Author: Kleerup EC.
    Journal: Curr Opin Pulm Med; 1997 Jan; 3(1):17-22. PubMed ID: 9139768.
    Abstract:
    After complete abstinence, regular use of short-acting beta 2-agonists results in an increase in early and late asthmatic (allergen) response, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, and nonspecific airways responsiveness (methacholine). Regular use of long-acting beta 2-agonists also results in increased nonspecific airways responsiveness (methacholine) with or without concomitant inhaled corticosteroids and attenuates the response to escalating doses of inhaled short-acting beta 2-agonists such as might be used in an acute exacerbation. In spite of these findings, symptom control and bronchodilation are improved more with the addition of salmeterol than with a doubling of inhaled corticosteroid dose. Selective cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors show promise in expanding the bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory effects of theophylline.
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