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  • Title: Simulating respiratory loads and tuning of closed-circuit underwater breathing apparatus.
    Author: Joye DD, Wechgelaer P.
    Journal: Undersea Hyperb Med; 1997 Jun; 24(2):81-9. PubMed ID: 9171467.
    Abstract:
    An experimental apparatus for simulating respiratory loads in closed-circuit underwater breathing systems comprises a partly submerged vertical tube having a dual path exit on the submerged end of the tube. One path is controlled by a valve that alters the inertance of the system, changes the natural frequency, and provides the tuning. The vertical tube provides elastic loading to simulate a counterlung or breathing bag in an underwater breathing apparatus (UBA). The experimental apparatus was connected to a breathing machine controlled by a signal generator to simulate a diver's breathing. The benefits of reactance tuning of this apparatus are demonstrated. A mathematical model describes both the simulator and UBA. The simulator can be used with human subjects to study respiratory response to changes in impedance.
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