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  • Title: Developmental and food profiles of infants born to adolescent and adult mothers.
    Author: Carruth BR, Nevling W, Skinner JD.
    Journal: J Adolesc Health; 1997 Jun; 20(6):434-41. PubMed ID: 9178080.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To compare developmental markers and dietary intake of infants born to lower socioeconomic adolescent and adult mothers. DESIGN: Sixty-one adolescent (age 14-18 years) and 60 adult (age 22-28 years) mothers met inclusion criteria of comparable socioeconomic status, age range, urban/rural residence, and distribution of infants by gender. SAMPLE/SETTING: Adolescent subjects were recruited in last trimester and adult mothers postpartum. Interviews were conducted when infants were about 6 and 12 months of age. Data included age of occurrence for eight markers, age at adding complementary foods, two 24-h dietary recalls, and two measurements of growth. RESULTS: Adolescent mothers reported a significantly earlier age at which the infant "holds a spoon by self" and "drinks alone from a trainer cup." Six other markers were not significantly different between groups. Adolescent mothers fed cereal significantly earlier than did adult mothers, but there were no significant differences for fruit, vegetables, and meat. At 12 months, infants of adolescents had intakes of vitamin D and iron which were < 100% of recommended allowances, as did infants of adult mothers for vitamin D, iron, and zinc. Dietary fat was significantly higher at 6 and 12 months and vitamin C was lower at 12 months for infants of adolescents compared to the adult group. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to adult mothers, adolescent mothers reported earlier mean ages for developmental markers related to self-feeding, and introduced cereal earlier. In each group, selected nutrient intakes decreased from recommended amounts in the 6-12-month period. Fat intakes were significantly different between groups at 6 and 12 months. Developmental markers and dietary intake of infants born to 61 adolescent mothers (14-18 years) and 60 adult women (22-28 years) from the US were compared in interviews conducted when the infants were 6 and 12 months of age. Under one-third of mothers in both groups were employed and the majority were married to unskilled laborers. Of the eight developmental markers assessed, only two showed significant differences by maternal age group. Adolescent mothers reported a significantly earlier age at which their infant held a spoon unaided and drank from a trainer cup. Although adolescents introduced cereal significantly earlier on average (2.1 months) than older mothers (3.1 months), there were no differences for fruit, vegetables, and meat. In both groups, complementary foods were introduced earlier than recommended and without regard for developmental markers. At 12 months, infants of adolescents had vitamin D and iron intakes under recommended dietary allowances and infants of adult mothers were under the recommended standards for vitamin D, iron, and zinc. Dietary fat was significantly higher at both 6 and 12 months and vitamin C was lower for infants of adolescents compared to adult women. These findings indicate a need for both adolescent and adult mothers in low-income families to receive guidance on infant nutrition, including the appropriate time for introduction of complementary foods.
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