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  • Title: Effect of the menstrual cycle on gallbladder fasting volume and postprandial emptying in nulliparous young females.
    Author: Xynos E, Haroulakis N, Petrakis I, Damilakis J, Vassilakis JS, Gourtsoyiannis N.
    Journal: Invest Radiol; 1997 Jun; 32(6):330-4. PubMed ID: 9179707.
    Abstract:
    RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Reports on the effect of the ovulatory cycle on gallbladder motility are inconsistent. The authors investigated the gallbladder motor function at both phases of the menstrual cycle in humans. METHODS: Seventeen young, healthy, nulliparous women participated in the study. Gallbladder fasting volume and postprandial emptying were measured twice in each subject using real-time ultrasonography: one at the follicular (12th-13th day) and another at the luteal (21st-22nd day) phases. From the emptying curves, the duration of the lag phase and the ejection fraction of emptying were calculated. RESULTS: Fasting volume was significantly greater (P = 0.025) at the luteal (14.8 +/- 8 mL standard deviation [SD]) than at the follicular (11.2 +/- 4.7 mL SD) phase. Although the lag phase duration was longer (P = 0.009) at the follicular (5.2 +/- 6.4 SD minutes) than the luteal (1.6 +/- 3.6 minutes SD) phase, the ejection fraction was significantly greater at the latter one (follicular phase: 62 +/- 13.2% SD; luteal phase: 73.4 +/- 14% SD; P = 0.0085). CONCLUSIONS: Female sex hormones seem to biologically affect the gallbladder motor function.
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