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  • Title: Comparison of right ventricular outflow tract and apical lead permanent pacing on cardiac output.
    Author: Giudici MC, Thornburg GA, Buck DL, Coyne EP, Walton MC, Paul DL, Sutton J.
    Journal: Am J Cardiol; 1997 Jan 15; 79(2):209-12. PubMed ID: 9193029.
    Abstract:
    Cardiac output was measured in 89 patients using transthoracic continuous-wave echo Doppler comparing right ventricular outflow tract pacing with the right ventricular apex at the time of permanent pacemaker implantation. Overall, cardiac output improved 18.8% (p <0.0001) and cardiac index 21.0% (p <0.0001) with outflow tract placement; patients with a lower baseline cardiac index had a greater percent improvement with outflow tract placement.
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