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  • Title: Consequences of autoimmunity to sperm antigens in vasectomized men.
    Author: Anderson DJ, Alexander NJ.
    Journal: Clin Obstet Gynaecol; 1979 Dec; 6(3):425-42. PubMed ID: 92384.
    Abstract:
    The development by a large percentage of vasectomized men of sperm autoantibodies is discussed in this monograph chapter. The production of anti-sperm antibodies is attributed to: 1) granuloma formation; 2) increased permeability of epithelial barriers in the rete testis and epididymis; and 3) transport of phagocytic cells to regional lymph nodes. Individual variation in type of antibodies and response to antibody production is documented and is thought to depend on such factors as rate of sperm production, the structure of the blood-testis barrier, surgical technique, and expression of immune response genes. Morphological changes in spermatozoa and testes occurring after vasectomy may be induced by immunological mechanisms. Tests of cell-mediated immunity to sperm antigens are described, and more accurate tests are needed. Animal studies provide evidence that chronic immune stimulation can result in formation of circulating immune complexes, resulting in deleterious systemic effects, including damage to kidneys, blood vessels, and cells of the immune system. Further studies of the autoimmune orchitis phenomenon may aid in avoidance of immunologically mediated side effects of vasectomy.
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