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  • Title: Facilitation or inhibition of the estradiol-induced gonadotropin surge in the immature rat by progesterone: regulation of GnRH and LH messenger RNAs and activation of GnRH neurons.
    Author: Attardi B, Klatt B, Hoffman GE, Smith MS.
    Journal: J Neuroendocrinol; 1997 Aug; 9(8):589-99. PubMed ID: 9283047.
    Abstract:
    UNLABELLED: We have developed and extensively characterized immature female rat models to demonstrate inhibition or facilitation of the estradiol (E2)-induced gonadotropin surge by progesterone (P). We show here that the surge of free alpha-subunit is regulated similarly by P in these models. To investigate the possibility that P alters the biosynthesis of GnRH and/or LH, we measured levels of LH subunit mRNAs by Northern blot hybridization and GnRH mRNA by a solution hybridization-RNase protection assay. In the P inhibition model, alpha-subunit mRNA was significantly decreased when P was administered together with E2 for 32 or 48 h, and LHbeta, at 29 h. In the facilitation model, neither alpha-subunit nor LHbeta mRNA increased with premature and enhanced release of LH and free alpha-subunit. Levels of GnRH mRNA in E2-treated rats were significantly higher on the afternoon of the LH surge than on that or the following morning. There was no effect of P on GnRH mRNA levels, however, before, during, or after the LH surge in either paradigm. The time course of activation of GnRH neurons in P-facilitated rats was determined by double-label immunocytochemistry for GnRH and cFos. When serum LH concentrations were basal there was no expression of cFos in GnRH neurons. LH secretion in P-facilitated rats was initiated at 14.00 h and remained elevated until at least 19.00 h. During this time 63-78% of GnRH neurons were cFos positive. Both serum LH concentrations and the percentage of cFos-activated GnRH neurons were significantly lower in control rats treated with E2 alone than in those treated also with P. IN CONCLUSION: 1) suppression of LH and free alpha-subunit secretion by P can be accounted for at least partly by suppression of alpha-subunit mRNA levels; 2) P facilitation is not associated with changes in LH subunit or GnRH mRNA levels; 3) the large proportion of cFos-positive GnRH neurons in P-facilitated rats closely parallels increases in serum LH concentrations but is not accompanied by changes in GnRH mRNA levels. It is likely, therefore, that P acts in the facilitation model to trigger release of pre-existing GnRH stores by altering synthesis or activity of neuro-transmitters/neuropeptides involved in GnRH regulation and/or release of LH stores by altering, for example, pituitary responsiveness to GnRH (including self-priming) and components of the LH secretory apparatus. Similar possibilities may also obtain for the blockade of the gonadotropin surge in the inhibition model.
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