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  • Title: Microbiological quality of coastal sea water of Alexandria, Egypt.
    Author: Divizia M, Ruscio V, Donia D, el Ghazzawi E, Elcherbini E, Gabrieli R, Gamil F, Kader O, Zaki A, Renganathan E, Panà A.
    Journal: Ann Ig; 1997; 9(4):289-94. PubMed ID: 9360329.
    Abstract:
    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of the seawater in Alexandria, Egypt. Samples were collected in 6 different points: Kayet Bay, El Shatby, Camp Cesar, Sporting, Beir Massoud and El Max. In total, 24 samples were analyzed. For each point the analysis included estimation of the following parameters: Esherichia coli, total coliform and fecal streptococci, Yersinia, Shigella, Salmonella, bacteriophages and enteric viruses. Just one sample (El Max) was positive for the presence of Salmonella, neither Shigella or Yersinia were isolated from any of the analyzed points. E. coli was identified in 10 samples while the ratio between total coliform and fecal streptococci showed variable results with the exception of El Max that resulted constantly high. Three samples were positive for the presence of enteric viruses: El Shatby, Beir Massoud and Sporting. The analysis of phages showed a variable pollution values. The bacteriological virological parameters were evaluated on seawater samples taken at different points on the coast of Alexandria, Egypt. Samples were collected at 6 different points: Kayet Bay, El Shatby, Camp Cesar, Sporting, Beir Massoud, and El Max. A total of 24 samples were analyzed by estimation of the following parameters: Escherichia coli, total coliform and fecal streptococci, Yersinia, Shigella, Salmonella, bacteriophages, and enteric viruses. The virological analysis included the isolation and identification of cytopathogenic enteroviruses and three phages: somatic coliphage, F-specific, and B 40-8. The bacteriophage analysis was performed by the plaque assay method using the double-layer method, whereas the membrane filtration method was used to estimate bacterial populations in the samples. During the summer period no E. coli could be isolated from any point during the study, whereas in autumn E. coli were identified in all the points except for Sporting. E. coli was identified in 65% of the qualitative analyses. The limit was exceeded in 12 samples out of 24; for fecal streptococci, in 15 samples out of 24. The ratio over 4.4 relating to fecal coli and fecal streptococci indicated human fecal pollution. The El Max sample was positive for the presence of Salmonella; neither Shigella nor Yersinia were isolated from any of the analyzed points. In the El Max sample (autumn period), total coliform and fecal streptococci exceeded the European Community (EC) limit, whereas the ratio was 10, confirming human fecal pollution. E. coli was identified in 10 samples, while the ratio between total coliform and fecal streptococci showed variable results with the exception of El Max, which was constantly high. Three samples were positive for the presence of enteric viruses: El Shatby, Beir Massoud, and Sporting. The enteric viruses were confirmed by a secondary passage on cell culture. The analysis of phages showed variable pollution values.
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