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  • Title: [Investigating urinary incontinence].
    Author: Eberhard J.
    Journal: Praxis (Bern 1994); 1997 Aug 13; 86(33):1254-9. PubMed ID: 9381011.
    Abstract:
    Urinary incontinence and other bladder disorders belong to the most common female diseases. Investigation should always start with simple measures. A problem-oriented history and a differentiated clinical examination, eventually complemented with search for infection, miction calendar and assessment of residual urine most often lead to a rather precise diagnosis and to the initiation of a primarily conservative treatment. If primary therapy is unsuccessful stepwise integration of additional diagnostic measures like cystoscopy, ultrasound, X-ray and urethrocystometry is indicated. Surgical interventions in particular demand, in the authors' view a foregoing urodynamic examination. Execution of the investigations, interpretation of the results and their impact on recommendations for therapy are explained.
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