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  • Title: Sexually transmitted disease control in China (1949-1994).
    Author: Shao C, Xu W, Ye G.
    Journal: Chin Med Sci J; 1996 Dec; 11(4):252-7. PubMed ID: 9387394.
    Abstract:
    This paper summarizes the historical experiences in venereal disease control in China during the 1950s. Venereal diseases had been all but eliminated in the whole country till 1964. However, along with the implementation of open-door policy and economic reform in the 1980s, the social environment was changed to a great extent in this country. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were re-introduced in the Chinese mainland and new foci of infection established themselves in some cities. During the recent 8 years the national STD case-reporting and sentinel surveillance systems have been set up. The results of surveillance show that the annual incidence of STD has been on the increase. The existing factors associated with the increasing incidence of STD mainly are; population movement, increasing affluence in a part of population, the availability of multiple sexual partners (including the prostitution) and asymptomatic STD increased. Finally, the strategies for STD control are discussed in detail. A review of the history of sexually transmitted disease (STD) control in China from 1949 to 1994 reveals high prevalences of STDs in the early period of the founding of the People's Republic of China, virtual elimination of STDs by 1964 as a result of an aggressive government campaign, and the re-emergence of STDs in the 1980s in response to the open-door policy and economic reform. Establishment of the National Center for STD Research and Control in 1986 to guide national STD control and surveillance programs represented a renewed government commitment to this problem. STD notifications are collected in 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions. In 1994, 50,034 STD cases were reported (incidence, 140.5/100,000). Gonorrhea remains the most prevalent STD, but syphilis, condyloma acuminatum, and nongenital urethritis are also on the increase. Prostitutes and their clients currently account for 38.4% and 30.5%, respectively, of total STD cases. By the end of 1994, 1774 cases of HIV infection, including 65 AIDS cases, had been reported. High population growth rates in the younger age groups, the influence of Western-based attitudes toward sexuality, migration to urban areas, delayed age at marriage, and uneven social and economic development by region of the country all increase the current STD risk. Recommended, to prevent the further spread of STDs in China, are the following measures: integration of STD prevention and treatment with other health and social programs, widespread sex education aimed at discouraging promiscuous sexual behavior, banning prostitution and pornography, greater control over the tourist industry, establishment of a network of grass-roots workers trained in STD prevention, early detection and regular treatment of STDs, and the expansion of scientific research in this area.
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