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  • Title: Prevalence of Candida species in AIDS patients and HIV-free subjects in Thailand.
    Author: Teanpaisan R, Nittayananta W.
    Journal: J Oral Pathol Med; 1998 Jan; 27(1):4-7. PubMed ID: 9466727.
    Abstract:
    The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of Candida species among groups of HIV-infected and HIV-free subjects in Thailand and to ascertain whether particular Candida species were associated with HIV infection. Oral rinse specimens were collected from 45 AIDS patients (CDC stage IV), 74 HIV-free healthy subjects, and 42 HIV-free patients who had clinical candidiasis. Yeasts recovered in culture were identified and quantified. The mean ages of the cohorts were 30.75+/-8.19 years (AIDS group), 28.50+/-7.98 (HIV-free healthy group) and 41.83+/-12.25 years (HIV-free candidiasis group). Yeasts were isolated from 30/45 (66.66%, range 6.6x10(2)-5.7x10(6) CFU/ml) of the AIDS group, 8/74 (10.81%, range 8.0x10(1)-3.5x10(4) CFU/ml) of the HIV-free healthy group, and 24/42 (57.14%, range 1.0x10(2)-1.1x10(5) CFU/ml) of the HIV-free candidiasis group. There were statistically significant differences in the Candida colony counts between the AIDS group without oral candidiasis and the healthy group (P=0.0078) and between the AIDS group with candidiasis and the HIV-free, oral candidiasis group (P=0.0003). Candida albicans was the most common species recovered from AIDS patients (29 out of 30; 96.66%). The association between Candida species and HIV serostatus in Thailand was compared in 45 patients hospitalized with AIDS-related conditions, 74 HIV-negative blood donors, and 42 HIV-negative individuals with clinical signs of oral candidiasis. Pseudomembranous and erythematous lesions were the most common clinical findings. After collection of oral rinse specimens by a single clinician, yeasts recovered in culture were identified and quantified. Yeasts were isolated from 30 AIDS patients (66.6%), 8 HIV-negative blood donors (10.81%), and 24 individuals in the HIV-free candidiasis group (57.14%). Both the number of subjects who yielded Candida species and the mean number of Candida colonies were significantly higher in the AIDS group than in the HIV-free candidiasis group. C. albicans was the isolated yeast in 96.66% of AIDS patients, 79.16% of HIV-free candidiasis patients, and 100% of those in the healthy carrier group. Although C. albicans is a common and harmless commensal of the mucous membranes, it can cause severe mucosal or invasive disease in immunodeficient patients. It has been postulated that Candida strains that are nonpathogenic in healthy persons become pathogenic in HIV-infected individuals due to impaired host defense mechanisms.
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