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  • Title: Expertise and the regulation of gait in the approach phase of the long jump.
    Author: Scott MA, Li FX, Davids K.
    Journal: J Sports Sci; 1997 Dec; 15(6):597-605. PubMed ID: 9486437.
    Abstract:
    In the approach phase of the long jump, athletes attempt to strike the take-off board accurately with minimum loss of speed, and in an optimum body position for take-off. Previous research has shown that skilled long jumpers demonstrate an ascending-descending trend of variability rather than a consistent pattern of foot placement over trials. The present study examined whether non-long jumpers showed a similar pattern of variability in footfall placement between trials to skilled long jumpers. Consistency of foot placement over trials for non-long jumpers (n = 11) was determined using a panned video camera. Digitization of the foot position provided toe-board distances during the run-up phase. Our results showed that non-long jumpers have a similar pattern of descending variability near to the take-off board to expert long jumpers, suggesting the use of visual regulation. However, in comparison to more skilled subjects, non-long jumpers accumulated a considerably larger maximum mean standard deviation in footfall placement between trials (58 cm). Since non-long jumpers had no previous task-specific training, these data extend our current understanding of the regulation of goal-directed gait.
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