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  • Title: In vivo synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in healthy humans after live yellow fever vaccination.
    Author: Hacker UT, Jelinek T, Erhardt S, Eigler A, Hartmann G, Nothdurft HD, Endres S.
    Journal: J Infect Dis; 1998 Mar; 177(3):774-8. PubMed ID: 9498462.
    Abstract:
    Most knowledge about the synthesis of human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and its regulation derives from in vitro studies. The hypothesis that the syndrome of malaise, myalgia, and low fever observed after a vaccination with live attenuated yellow fever virus could be associated with increased synthesis of TNF was investigated. Plasma samples of 15 healthy subjects taken before and until day 2 (until day 11 in 5 of these subjects) after yellow fever vaccination, showed a significant increase of plasma TNF concentration on day 2 after vaccination and a second peak on day 7. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) concentration was significantly elevated in all subjects on day 2 after vaccination. In a control group receiving non-live vaccinations, TNF and IL-1ra concentrations were unchanged. Thus, yellow fever vaccination represents a routine medical intervention that results in a reproducible increase in the plasma concentration of TNF and secondary cytokines. This may serve as a unique model for the study of the regulation of TNF synthesis in vivo.
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