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  • Title: Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS. A retrospective look.
    Author: Signorelli D, Joseph RJ.
    Journal: Clin Podiatr Med Surg; 1998 Apr; 15(2):179-87. PubMed ID: 9576048.
    Abstract:
    This retrospective look at literature and information regarding the epidemiology of HIV and its progression to AIDS is based on many worldwide sources to determine with some certainty the true severity of the epidemic. The purpose of this article is to permit the reader to become more informed concerning the epidemic, based on a global outlook. Global survey estimates of HIV/AIDS suggest an overwhelming increase in the severity of the epidemic. According to UN survey estimates, over 3.1 million people were infected with HIV in 1996, with 8500 new cases occurring per day. About 5 million adults and 1.5 million children have died since the beginning of the epidemic, and this proportion is continually increasing. Substantial increases in the HIV prevalence rate are observed in Vietnam, Thailand, Europe, the US, Australia and sub-Saharan Africa. The majority of these infections is transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse as well as intravenous drug use. While people of reproductive age are the most common victims of HIV/AIDS, children are not spared from contracting the disease. Studies have shown that this deadly disease can be controlled and prevented through early identification and initiation of antiretroviral therapy, use of prophylactic medications to prevent secondary AIDS-related diseases, as well as vigorous implementation of prevention activities such as community outreach and needle-exchange programs. Since the clinical status of most persons infected with HIV has not yet progressed to AIDS, AIDS prevalence underestimates the total number of people with HIV in need of related services and further highlights the need for early detection and prevention methods.
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