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  • Title: [Lower limb morphotypes. A clinical study in 1401 children].
    Author: Jacquemier M, Jouve JL, Jimeno MT, Ramaherisson P, Giusiano B, Bollini G.
    Journal: Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot; 1997; 83(6):531-9. PubMed ID: 9587618.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study was to analyse the repartition between femoral anteversion and tibial torsion from birth to ten years of age in children. MATERIAL: One thousand four hundred and one children ranging from 2 to 13 years age were examined in public schools by the same clinician. METHODS: Qualitative data (foot progression angle, hindfoot aspect, knee position during gait) and quantitative data (femoral anteversion, tibial torsion) were clinically quantified. RESULTS: Repartition of femoral and tibial torsion showed four lower limb morphotypes in normal children. CONCLUSION: Four femoral anteversion and tibial torsion associations are encountered in normal children. Age variation of the lower limb orientation leed to have repetitive examinations in children with in or out-toeing gait in order to make distinction between normal and pathologic gait pattern.
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