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  • Title: Benzene metabolites induce the loss and long arm deletion of chromosomes 5 and 7 in human lymphocytes.
    Author: Zhang L, Wang Y, Shang N, Smith MT.
    Journal: Leuk Res; 1998 Feb; 22(2):105-13. PubMed ID: 9593466.
    Abstract:
    Two of the most common cytogenetic changes in therapy- and chemically-related leukemia are the loss and long (q) arm deletions of chromosomes 5 and 7 (i.e. -5, -7, del(5q) and del(7q)). We have used a novel fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure to determine if the benzene metabolites hydroquinone (HQ) and 1,2,4-benzenetriol (BT) can induce these specific changes in human lymphocytes cultured as whole blood. Metaphase spreads were prepared and hybridized with centromeric probes for chromosomes 1, 5 and 7 and sequence specific probes for 5q31 and 7q36-qter. HQ and BT significantly increased monosomy 5 and 7 by 3-5 fold (p < 0.0001). Both HQ and BT also significantly increased the rate of del(5q) and del(7q) by 8-12 fold (p < 0.0001). Chromosome 7 was especially susceptible to aneusomy induction by HQ and BT at low doses. These results show that metabolites of benzene are highly effective in inducing changes in chromosomes 5 and 7 that are involved in the development of myeloid leukemia.
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