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  • Title: Disulfide bonds in the extracellular calcium-polyvalent cation-sensing receptor correlate with dimer formation and its response to divalent cations in vitro.
    Author: Ward DT, Brown EM, Harris HW.
    Journal: J Biol Chem; 1998 Jun 05; 273(23):14476-83. PubMed ID: 9603961.
    Abstract:
    Extracellular calcium/polyvalent cation-sensing receptors (CaR) couple to G proteins and contain highly conserved extracellular cysteine residues. Immunoblotting of proteins from rat kidney inner medullary collecting duct endosomes with CaR-specific antibodies reveals alterations in the apparent molecular mass of CaR depending on protein denaturation conditions. When denatured by SDS under nonreducing conditions, CaR migrates as a putative dimeric species of 240-310 kDa. This is twice the predicted molecular mass of the CaR monomer observed after SDS denaturation in the presence of sulfhydryl-reducing agents. In sucrose density gradients, Triton X-100-solubilized CaR sediments as a 220-kDa complex, not explainable by binding of G proteins to CaR monomers. Treatment of Triton-soluble CaR with divalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) and trivalent (Gd3+) metal ion CaR agonists, but not monovalent ions (Na+), partially shifts the electrophoretic mobility of CaR under reducing conditions from a predominantly monomeric to this putative dimeric species on immunoblots in a manner similar to their rank order of functional potency for CaR activation (Gd3+ >> Ca2+ > Mg2+). This Ca2+ effect is blocked by pretreatment with N-ethylmaleimide. We conclude that disulfide bonds present in CaRs mediate formation of dimers that are preserved in Triton X-100 solution. In addition, CaR exposure to Ca2+ induces formation of additional disulfide bonds within the Triton-soluble CaR complex.
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