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  • Title: [Infections with Mycobacterium kansasii in the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam: the changing clinical spectrum since the start of the HIV epidemic].
    Author: van der Meer JT, Kerssemakers SP, van Steenwijk RP, Kuijper EJ.
    Journal: Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd; 1998 Apr 25; 142(17):965-9. PubMed ID: 9623171.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: Inventory of patients with a Mycobacterium kansasii infection. DESIGN: Descriptive, retrospective. SETTING: Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. METHOD: Review of the medical records of all patients with a bacteriologically confirmed infection with M. kansasii from January 1987 until the end of December 1996. RESULTS: M. kansasii was isolated from 17 patients. Of 15 HIV-tested patients 13 were seropositive. Their median CD4 count was 10 x 10(6)/l. Ten HIV-positive individuals used trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis. In 1 HIV-seropositive and in 1 HIV-seronegative patient no chest X-rays were made. Caverns were present in none of 12 HIV-positive patients and in 1 of 3 HIV-negative patients. Of the HIV-positive patients 1 fulfilled the criteria for pulmonary infection of the American Thoracic Society (ATS). According to these criteria 9 of the HIV-positive patients were colonized with M. kansasii. In 6 of these patients there were indications of infection: regression of pulmonary infiltrates with therapy (n = 3), positive histology and culture of lung tissue at autopsy (n = 1), and dissemination (n = 2). Disseminated infection occurred in a total of 4 HIV-infected patients. CONCLUSION: HIV-infected patients are at an increased risk for M. kansasii infection. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole does not offer protection against this infection. The diagnostic criteria of the ATS are not applicable to these patients. M. kansasii infection confirmed by isolation in an HIV-positive individual should always be treated.
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