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  • Title: A longitudinal look at the relation between depression and anxiety in children and adolescents.
    Author: Cole DA, Peeke LG, Martin JM, Truglio R, Seroczynski AD.
    Journal: J Consult Clin Psychol; 1998 Jun; 66(3):451-60. PubMed ID: 9642883.
    Abstract:
    Elementary school students (n = 330) and their parents (n = 228) participated in a 3-year longitudinal study of the temporal relation between anxiety and depressive symptoms in children. Every 6 months, children and parents completed depression and anxiety questionnaires for a total of 6 waves. Structural equation modeling revealed that individual differences on all measures were remarkably stable over time. Nevertheless, high levels of anxiety symptoms at 1 point in time predicted high levels of depressive symptoms at subsequent points in time even after controlling for prior levels of depression symptoms. These findings were consistent across self- and parent reports. Results support the temporal hypothesis that anxiety leads to depression in children and adolescents.
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