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  • Title: Using lazy evaluation to simulate realistic-size repertoires in models of the immune system.
    Author: Smith DJ, Forrest S, Ackley DH, Perelson AS.
    Journal: Bull Math Biol; 1998 Jul; 60(4):647-58. PubMed ID: 9659009.
    Abstract:
    We describe a method of implementing efficient computer simulations of immune systems that have a large number of unique B- and/or T-cell clones. The method uses an implementation technique called lazy evaluation to create the illusion that all clones are being simulated, while only actually simulating a much smaller number of clones that can respond to the antigens in the simulation. The method is effective because only 0.001-0.01% of clones can typically be stimulated by an antigen, and because many simulations involve only a small number of distinct antigens. A lazy simulation of a realistic number of clones and 10 distinct antigens is 1000 times faster and 10,000 times smaller than a conventional simulation--making simulations of immune systems with realistic-size repertoires computationally tractable.
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