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  • Title: Chronic performance of a transvenous steroid pacing lead used as an epi-intramyocardial electrode.
    Author: Karpawich PP, Walters H, Hakimi M.
    Journal: Pacing Clin Electrophysiol; 1998 Jul; 21(7):1486-8. PubMed ID: 9670197.
    Abstract:
    Excessive surface fibrosis or fat limits effective electrode insertion in patients requiring epicardial pacing. We present chronic performance of a modified transvenous steroid lead used as an epi-intramyocardial electrode in a patient following repair of a univentricular heart after failure of both standard and steroid-eluting epicardial leads. Low implant threshold values remained stable during a 3-year postimplant interval demonstrating an effective and innovative approach to epicardial pacing.
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