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  • Title: Attention-deficit hyperactivity symptomatology after traumatic brain injury: a prospective study.
    Author: Max JE, Arndt S, Castillo CS, Bokura H, Robin DA, Lindgren SD, Smith WL, Sato Y, Mattheis PJ.
    Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry; 1998 Aug; 37(8):841-7. PubMed ID: 9695446.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To study prospectively the course of attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADH) symptomatology in children and adolescents after traumatic brain injury (TBI). It was hypothesized that ADH symptomatology would be significantly related to severity of injury. METHOD: Subjects were children (n = 50) aged 6 to 14 years at the time they were hospitalized after TBI. The study used a prospective follow-up design. Assessments of preinjury psychiatric, behavioral, socioeconomic, family functioning, and family psychiatric history status were conducted. Severity of injury was assessed by standard clinical scales, and neuroimaging was analyzed. RESULTS: The main finding of this study was that change in ADH symptomatology in the first 2 years after TBI in children and adolescents was significantly related to severity of injury. Overall ADH symptomatology during the study was significantly related to a measure of family dysfunction when family psychiatric history, socioeconomic status, and severity of injury were controlled. CONCLUSION: The presence of a positive "dose-response" relationship between severity of injury and change in ADH symptoms, present from the 3-month assessment, was consistent with an effect directly related to brain damage.
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