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  • Title: [Functional evaluation of shoes for children based on gait analysis of children in the learning to walk stage].
    Author: Kristen KH, Kastner J, Holzreiter S, Wagner P, Engel A.
    Journal: Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb; 1998; 136(5):457-62. PubMed ID: 9823643.
    Abstract:
    RESEARCH QUESTION: Although gait patterns of children are well described in gait analysis studies for barefoot gait, loading patterns in gait with shoes have not been analysed compared to barefoot gait. METHODS: 30 children (age 1.8 to 4.8 years) were examined. Ground reaction forces were recorded using two series connected Kistler plates, taking the 3D coordinates and the time coordinate. The gait aspect was recorded using a video system. Three shoe types were tested against each other and against barefoot gait. RESULTS: 1399 gait cycles, 739 barefoot, 660 with shoes were usable for calculation. Statistic analyses comparing barefoot gait to gait with shoes showed: A significant increase in ground contact duration, a shifting of maximal load from the rear towards the midfoot area, a significant increased maximal load, a cushioning of the initial impact at primary ground contact. A comparison between the shoes showed no significant influence of a medial subtalar orthotic support. CONCLUSION: Shoes cause a significant change of loading patterns. But there are also significant differences between different shoe types. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Shoes for children must provide a stabilisation for the hindfoot, and must not restrict motion in the areas of the ankle and the metatatrsophalangeal joints. The amount of load in the different gait phases must be considered for the construction of a dynamic shoe for children.
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