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  • Title: Methamphetamine neurotoxicity: dissociation of striatal dopamine terminal damage from parietal cortical cell body injury.
    Author: Eisch AJ, Marshall JF.
    Journal: Synapse; 1998 Dec; 30(4):433-45. PubMed ID: 9826235.
    Abstract:
    Methamphetamine (m-AMPH) administration injures both striatal dopaminergic terminals and certain nonmonoaminergic cortical neurons. Fluoro-Jade histochemistry was used to label cortical cells injured by m-AMPH in order to identify factors that contribute to the cortical cell body damage. Rats given four injections of m-AMPH (4 mg/kg) at 2-h intervals showed hyperthermia (mean = 40.0 +/- 0.10 degrees C) and increased behavioral activation relative to animals given saline (SAL). Three days later, m-AMPH-treated animals showed indices of injury to striatal DA terminals (depletion of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity) and parietal cortical cell bodies (appearance of Fluoro-Jade stained cells). Pretreatment with a dopamine (DA) D1, D2, or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, or administration of m-AMPH in a 4 degrees C environment, prevented or attenuated m-AMPH-induced hyperthermia, behavioral activation, and injury to striatal DA terminals and parietal cortical cell bodies. Animals pretreated with a DA transport inhibitor prior to m-AMPH showed hyperthermia, behavioral activation, and parietal cortical cell body injury, but they did not show striatal DA terminal injury. Pretreatment with a 5HT transport inhibitor failed to prevent m-AMPH-induced damage to striatal DA terminals or parietal cortical cell bodies. Animals given four injections of SAL in a 37 degrees C environment became hyperthermic, but showed no injury to striatal DA terminals or cortical cell bodies. The ability of the DA transport inhibitor to block m-AMPH-induced striatal DA damage, but not cortical injury, and the inability of hyperthermia alone to cause the cortical cell body injury suggests that m-AMPH-induced behavioral activation and hyperthermia may both be necessary for the subsequent parietal cortical cell body damage.
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