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  • Title: Patch migration: a serious late complication of thoracotomy lead systems.
    Author: Singer I, Calzada N, Austin EH.
    Journal: Pacing Clin Electrophysiol; 1998 Dec; 21(12):2616-20. PubMed ID: 9894652.
    Abstract:
    Thoracotomy patch leads used for implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are generally safe and effective. We describe two patients in whom a late complication of patch lead migration occurred years after the original implants, causing a bronchopleural fistula in one and lingular lobe collapse in the other patient. We conclude that patch migration is a late but possible complication of extrapericardial ICD leads, and should be suspected in patients who present with hemoptysis, atypical pneumonia, or lung collapse after the initial ICD surgery.
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