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  • Title: Blood access in hemodialysis.
    Author: Higgins MR, Grace M, Bettcher KB, Silverberg DS, Dossetor JB.
    Journal: Clin Nephrol; 1976 Nov; 6(5):473-7. PubMed ID: 991469.
    Abstract:
    Four hundred seventy blood access procedures performed on 170 dialysis patients during the period 1962-1975 have been analyzed according to survival of access with respect to age, sex and cause of failure. Subcutaneous forms of blood access have a significantly longer life and are more free of complications than external shunts. Although the mode of access can now be tailored to the individual patient, the arterio-venous fistula remains the least expensive and simplest surgical procedure. It should therefore remain as the first choice of access for most patients.
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